Japan: Food from China Better than Foof from US

Japanese government released some data about food imports in 2006.

The data show that only 0.58% of the food from China could not meet Japanese standards. But 1.31% from US caused safety concerns. 0.62 from EU were sunstandard.

Japan has very strict policies for agricultural product imports for protecting incompetitive domestic agriculture.

The data come from:
http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/gjjj/20070724/05513813298.shtml

Some Numbers about China in 2006

2006 passed, data about China in 2006 come out one by one. I compile this post so that people who care about or want to understand China feel easy in getting the data in one place.

Any viewers are welcome to post the data you find in you reply. I will update this post when I think the data is reliable.

1. Economy in General
Preliminary calculations from National Bureau of Statistics show that China's gross domestic product (GDP) hit 20,940.7 billion yuan in 2006, up 10.7 percent over 2005.
At the end of 2006, the total number of employees was 764 million, 5.75 million more than the end of 2005. National tax revenue stood at 3,763.6 billion yuan (excluding tariffs, farmland use tax and deed tax), an increase of 21.9 percent.
In 2006, the per capita net income of farmers was 3,587 yuan, rising 7.4 percent in real terms; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 11,759 yuan, rising 10.4 percent.
At the end of last year, there were still 21.48 million people living below the poverty line in rural areas (earnings less than 693 yuan), 2.17 million less than at the end of 2005.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353783.html

2. Social Development
The nation had a total population of 1,314.48 million, 6.92 million more than 2005. The urban population stood at 577.06 million and the rural population at 737.42 million. The urbanization rate grew 0.93% to 43.9%. The urbanization rates from 2002 to 2005 were 39.1, 40.5, 41.8 and 43 percent respectively.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353783.html

Male Chinese accounted for 51.5 per cent of the population. The gender imbalance is a growing problem in China. The ratio of males to female newborns stood at 119.25 to 100 in 2006.
Source: http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/0301/breaking13.htm

China witnessed frequent natural disasters which claimed 3,186 lives in 2006.
Natural disasters damaged 41 million hectares of farmland, toppled down 1.93 million houses and forced 13.84 million people to leave their homes, causing direct economic losses of 252.8 billion yuan.
The central and local governments earmarked more than 10 billion yuan (about 1.25 billion U.S. dollars) last year in disaster relief and salvation.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/01/eng20070301_353133.html

3. Agriculture
In 2006 China recorded a grain output of 497.46 million tons, rising 2.8 percent.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/01/eng20070301_353189.html

The output of cotton was 6.73 million tons in 2005, up by 17.8 percent over the previous year.
The total outputs of meat and eggswere expected to reach 80 million tons and 29.5 million tons in 2005, up by 4.5 percent and 3.0 percent respectively over the previous year.
Source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=31601

4. Industry
According to the data released by National Bureanu of Statistis of China, China's Steel products consumption moved up 17.2% to 450 million tonnes. Aluminium consumption rised 32.1% to 8.65 million tonnes. Copper consumption dropped 4% to 3.72 million tonnes as increased the use of aluminium as a substitute due to the high copper price. China's ethylene consumption rose 23.9% to 9.39 million tonnes while cement increased 14.5% to 1.2 billion tonnes. China burned 2.37 billion tons of coal in 2006, increased by 9.6%. Oil comsumption increased 7.1% to 320 million tons.
Source: http://www.resourceinvestor.com/pebble.asp?relid=29478

In 2006, the value added of industrial sector was up by 12.5 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the value added of the industrial enterprises above the designated size was up by 16.6 percent.
The sales ratio was 98.1 percent for the industrial enterprises above the designated size. In 2006, the amount of profits made by those enterprises was 1,878.4 billion yuan, an increase of 31.0 percent.
Source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=31601&page=2

China recorded 4.75 trillion Yuan in electronic product sales revenue in 2006, up 23.6 percent on 2005.
Source: http://www.pacificepoch.com/newsstories/90717_0_5_0_M/

China produced 466.85 mln tons of steel products in 2006, up 24.45 pct year-on-year. crude steel output totaled 418.78 mln tons, up 18.48 pct, while pig iron output gained 19.78 pct to 404.17 mln tons.
Source: http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/02/01/afx3388004.html

China's iron and steel industry saw its profit surge 30 per cent year on year to a record $22 billion in 2006. The iron and steel industry secured 279.5 billion yuan in pre-tax profit in 2006, an increase of 23.95 per cent over the previous year. China's stainless steel output jumped by a whopping 68 per cent year on year to 5.3 million tonnes, ranking the first in the world.
Source: http://www.domain-b.com/industry/steel/20070226_profit.html

China's gold output rose by 7.15 tonnes in 2006 to a record 240.08 tonnes.
Source: http://www.diamonds.net/news/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=16891

China's crude output rose a mere 1.7 pct to 183.68 mln tons in 2006.
Source: http://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2007/02/12/afx3420562.html

China's share of the world VLCC market increased to 36.2 percent in 2006, not far below Korea's 40 percent share.
Source: http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200703/200703020010.html

In 2006 China's auto industry sold 7.22 million auto vehicles, increasing 25 percent over 2005. China's automobile industry made a profit of 76.8 billion yuan (approximately 10 billion US dollars) in 2006, up 46 percent from the previous year. and the country become the world's second largest auto market.
China's automakers last year produced 7.28 million vehicles, up 27.32 percent over the previous year, No. 3 in the world.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200702/20/eng20070220_351356.html

Chinese shipbuilders produced 14.52 million deadweight tons last year, nearly 20 percent of the world's total. The industry's total profits doubled last year to reach a record high of 9.6 billion yuan, more than the combined profits of the previous five years.
Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/14/content_5738059.htm

China's two largest shipbuilding companies - China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) and China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) - both made rapid development. CSSC completed 103 ships with a total carrying capacity of 6.02 million tons. CSSC received orders for ships with a combined carrying capacity of 22.18 million tons last year. CSIC's main business income reached 62.2 billion yuan and it received orders for ships with a combined carrying capacity of 6.2 million tons.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200701/31/eng20070131_346422.html

Revenue from China's local semiconductor chip industry grew more than 43 per cent to exceed $13bn in 2006.
Source: http://www.computing.co.uk/vnunet/news/2186292/china-chips-13bn-2006

5. Service Industry
The fixed asset investment in China’s telecom sector touched the mark of 218.69 Billion Yuan (i.e. US$ 28 Billion) in the year 2006, An YOY increase of 7.5%.
The telecom sector, comprising fixed line phone links, Internet services, mobile phone connections, raked in 648 Billion Yuan (i.e. US$ 83 Billion) in revenues.
In the year 2006, mobile subscribers’ number in China touched 461 Million, 68 Million up from previous year (2005). In 2006, there were about 368 Million fixed line phone users throughout the nation, representing 17 million up against previous year.
Source: http://www.freepressreleases.co.uk/

China had 137 million Internet users by the end of last year, an increase of 23.4 percent year-on-year. The number of broadband users hit 90.7 million by 2006, up 41.1 percent year-on-year, while about 17 million mobile phones users now use their handsets to access the Internet.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353642.html

China's advertising market revenue reached 386.6 billion yuan ($49.9 billion) in 2006, led by television, which claimed 81 percent of the total.
Source: http://today.reuters.com/news/articleinvesting.aspx?view=CN&storyID=2007-02-16T090454Z_01_PEK150834_RTRIDST_0_MEDIA-NIELSEN-CHINA.XML&rpc=66&type=qcna

China's airline safety record is on a par with North America's and surpasses that of Europe. According to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, in the 10 years ended in 2005, there were 0.4 accidents per million takeoffs in the U.S., 0.5 in China, 0.7 in Europe, 2.5 in Latin America and 11.7 in Africa.
Source: http://www.thejournalnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070302/BUSINESS01/703020352/1066

Chinese airports reported passenger traffic growth of 16.7 pct in 2006 to 331.97 mln in 2006.
Source: http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/03/21/afx3536051.html

Retail sales of China's hotel and catering sector hit 1.03 trillion yuan in 2006, an increase of 16.4 percent year on year. The sector accounted for 13.5 percent of the country's total retail sales of consumer goods in 2006.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/20/eng20070320_359444.html


Digital TV subscriptions in China reached 12 million at the end of 2006, up from 6.5 million.
Source: http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117960354.html?categoryid=18&cs=1

China's retail sales rose 13.7 percent to 7.64 trillion yuan ($979.6 billion) in 2006.
Source: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2007-01/26/content_796035.htm

6. Education
A total of 4.13 million students graduated from higher education institutions in 2006, 750,000 more than last year. 1.24 million of them couldn't find jobs that match their majors.
Source: http://www.china.org.cn/english/education/189340.htm

7. Science and Technology
China spent 294.3 billion yuan on research and development in 2006, 20.1 percent more than the previous year and 1.41 percent of GDP. But this is still less than 2% in the developed world. Funds allocated for fundamental research programs reached 14.8 billion yuan.
a total of 1,409 projects under the National Key Technology Research and Development Program and 2,841 projects under the Hi-tech Research and Development Program (the 863 Program) were implemented.
China added seven new national engineering research centers and three national engineering laboratories.
A total of 268,000 patents were approved in 2006, of which 224,000 were domestic patents, accounting for 83.5 percent of the total. A total of 58,000 patents for new inventions were given, of which 25,000 were domestic, accounting for 43.4 percent.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353783.html

The patent application fillings to PCT from China jumped 56.8% to 3910 in 2006. This made China as the 8th in the world. China's Huawei was 13th on the top 20 list worldwide in 2006, up 24 places from 2005.
Source: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/prdocs/en/2007/wipo_pr_2007_476.html

8. Trade
China import/export trade value reached US$1,760.7 trillion in 2006, up 23.8 percent from 2005.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353783.html

China's trade surplus amounted to US$177.5 billion in 2006, up 74 percent over 2005.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353781.html

China's net oil import was up 19.6 pct year-on-year at 162.87 mln tons last year.
Source: http://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2007/02/12/afx3420562.html

Airbus delivered 76 new aircraft to China and received orders for 159 in 2006. Boeing delivered 28 and received orders for 112.
Source: http://www.thejournalnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070302/BUSINESS01/703020352/1066

China emerged the world's largest exporter of steel last year, with an export volume of 43 million tonnes. China imported 2.5 million tonnes of stainless steel products in 2006, down 20.13 per cent.
Source: http://www.domain-b.com/industry/steel/20070226_profit.html

The export volume of China's shipbuilding industry surged 74 percent to 8.11 billion U.S. dollars in 2006.
Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/14/content_5738059.htm

The China's farm products export hit US$31.03 billion , a 14.1% increase over 2005.
Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/31/content_5677424.htm

9. Infrastructure
China's power capacityhad expanded by 102 gigawatts in 2006, or roughly equal to the entire capacity of the UK and Thailand combined.
Source: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/e66cde98-b5fc-11db-9eea-0000779e2340.html

10. Finance
China's forex reserve topped one trillion US dollar mark at the end of 2006.
Source: http://english.people.com.cn/200703/02/eng20070302_353781

Chinese government's budget deficit in 2006 was only 275 billion yuan, 20 billion yuan less than targeted set at the beginning of 2006.
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=aY5kdkPadPjA&refer=asia

Fruit and veg gaining value for China

This news was copied from here. agriculture is very important for China who has more than 20% of the world population but only has less than 6% of the world's arable land. China today is basically self-sufficient for the domestic food needs. That's a great achivement. Thanks for the hardworking of Chinese farmers and the preogress in the agricultural technologies.

By Dominique Patton

30/11/2006 - China, producer of half the world's fruit and vegetables, is set to overtake the Netherlands in the next two to three years to become the world’s third biggest fresh produce exporter in value terms, predicts a new report from agriculture specialists at Rabobank.

The country, which exploits low labour costs to become the dominant grower of produce like persimmons, pears and asparagus, exported fruit and vegetables worth US$7.2 billion last year, according to data from Rabobank and the United Nations.

This amounted to 7.19 per cent of the global trade, behind the Netherlands, the US and top exporter Spain.

Increasing volumes of fruit and vegetable exports, particularly to currently small markets like the EU and US, are expected to drive this increase in value, in combination with stronger sales of higher value-added products.

“The proportion of added-value processed and prepared products compared to fresh has been increasing,” said Patrick Vizzone, head of the bank's food and agricultural advisory and research unit for Asia.

And although China has cost advantages over other fruit and vegetable producers in almost all areas - specifically labour, fertilizer and farm costs - some costs are rising quickly and significantly, he warned.

“China has historically been a price maker but costs, and therefore export prices, are rising,” he told AP-Foodtechnology.com.

These include land prices, which have increased by a compound annual growth rate of 14 per cent for vegetable growers between 1998 and 2004, more than for any other type of land use including corn, soya and cotton.

These costs have combined with other factors to push up prices for products like berries, seeing a large surge in demand, and apple juice concentrate, which was impacted by a poor crop last year.

Higher prices are evident in exports to Japan where new, even stricter controls on pesticides and contamination have stunted volume growth yet the value of vegetable exports are still up by 6 per cent in the first half of 2006.

Vizzone warned that it is difficult to predict structural price increases in China.

“China is still very competitive but prices have increased, underlining the potential for this trend,” he said.

China's fresh produce sector should also benefit from government policies to boost rural incomes, suggests Vizzone.

“The government is really pulling out all the stops to try to help the rural sector. It cut the agricultural tax last year and for the first time in about eight years, the growth of rural incomes is now on a par with urban areas.”

But there will also be rising demand for imports, he said. Rising incomes, particularly in China's growing middle class, will lead to higher spend on fruit in particular.

“Fruit is seen as more of a luxury compared with vegetables, which are a real staple,” said Vizzone.

The biggest fruit exporters to China in 2004 were Thailand, the US and the Philippines, with 29 per cent, 16 per cent and 14 per cent respectively, although Vizzone warns that it is difficult to assess imports with much of the fruit entering through grey channels.

Export data does however show an increasing trend and this is expected to be a real area of opportunity for international markets, fuelled by growth of the retail sector. Wet markets are still the largest channel for fresh produce sales but in major cities, consumers now buy 55 per cent of their fruit from supermarkets.

“Fruit and veg is a destination category for supermarkets and another way for them to grow,” said Vizzone.

Demand from the retail and other developing sectors like foodservice is also creating opportunities for larger fresh produce processors, many of which are international or joint ventures.

“These suppliers have really carved a niche in meeting the strict quality requirements of foodservice,” said Vizzone. “And there are ample more opportunities for foreign companies to participate in the sector both as producers and exporters to the industry. Lots of local companies are looking to partner with foreign firms for knowledge transfer.”

He added that the fruit and vegetable industry is relatively liberalized, allowing for investment for foreign companies.

Comparing China With India by Numbers

1. The Geo-demographics of China and India
Land Area: China 9.6 million sq km; India: 2.97 million sq km
Population: China 1.3 billion; India 1.1 billion
Labor force: China 791.4 million; India 496.4 million
Population growth rate: China 0.59% (death rate 0.697%, birth rate 1.325%); India 1.38% (death rate 0.818%, birth rate 2.201%)

2. Economy in General
GDP in 2005: China US$2.225 trillion; India US$719.8 billion or
China US$8.859 trillion; India US$3.611 trillion by PPP
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/in.html

Economy sectors:
China: Agriculture: 15% of GDP, Industry 52% of GDP, Manufacturing 35% of GDP, service 33% In 2001
India: Agriculture: 24% of GDP, Industry 27% of GDP, Manufacturing 16% of GDP, service 48% In 2001
These data comes from World Bank. You can conclude that China's industry size is almost 6 times of India's after a very simple calculation. You can see how little India's industry is. More important, China’s industry is still growing much faster than India’s.

3. Agriculture
India has more arable land than China. Indian produced 250 million tons of grains in 2003 (Thanks for the good weather).
China usually produces 450 million tons of grains each year no matter how tough the weather is (record is more than 500 million tons) (Thanks for the biotech R&D and expansion of the technologies in agricultural filed in China).

India produces 87.6 million tons rice from 42.4 million hectares on the other hand China produces 178 million tons of rice from a mere 29 million hectares. There is only one big difference; China embraced ‘hybrid rice’ technology in a big way, while India has had a slow start.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/15440.html

In 1980, China grew 4100 kg of rice per hectare; India, 2000. In 2005, China grew 6300 kg, India 3000 kg. The difference in yields had increased from 2100 kg to 3300 kg per hectare. For wheat the comparable figures were 1900 kg versus 1400 kg in 1980; and 4200 kg versus 2700 kg in 2005. For seed cotton, 1700 kg versus 500 kg in 1980; and 3200 kg versus 800 kg in 2005. For vegetables, 14500 kg versus 8300 kg in 1980; and 19300 kg versus 11300 kg in 2005.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/16111._.html

4. Industry
As data in “Economy in General” section shows, China’s industry scale is 6 times of India’s. China’s industry is still growing at around 16% pace for many years. That means one year increase in China’s industry revenue equals to the total size of India’s industry. The gap is huge.
China’s industry revenue is about 3.5 times of the revenue from agriculture, but for India, its industry revenue is almost equal to the agriculture.
Around 43 million tons of iron and steel was produced in India in 2005 (An important index of infrastructure construction.) China produced around 349 million tons of iron and steel.
http://english.people.com.cn/200610/12/eng20061012_310940.html

55% of the world cement (Another infrastructure construction index) was used in China. See http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2446908

By the data from CIA fact books, India produced around 36 million tons of oil (A natural resource index) in 2003 and will face the resource problem soon.
China produced 160 million tons of oil in 2003 and imported more than 100 million tons in the same year.

Here talks about the Sino-India trade in 2004. It clearly tells that India is only a raw material supplier to China and China mainly sells industrial products to India.
http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/full_story.php?content_id=81415

India’s average tariff fell from 56% in 1990 to 28% in 2004. By comparison, China’s average tariff dropped from 32% to 6% over the same period. That means, India has to use tariff to protect its weak industry. While, China’s industry competes against others fairly even in domestic market.
In 2002 the typical monthly wage of a manufacturing worker in India was US$23.80 while in China the figure was US$110.80, according to the IMF.
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/US_ChinaIndiaReality_Research.pdf
Even India’s industry is under the protection of high tariff. India still has a huge trade deficit. The deficit could reach US$50 billion in the fiscal year of 2005-2006.
http://www.boloji.com/analysis2/0109.htm
But China always has a trade surplus. I even don’t bother to provide the links.

5. Service Industry
Calculating from the GDP numbers of both China and India and the percentage of service industry in them, China’s service industry contributed US$742.5 billion to China’s GDP, it is almost the total of India’s GDP. India’s service revenue was only US$345.5billion.

Chinese airlines carried 138 million passengers in 2005, and the loads will nearly double to 270 million passengers in 5 years.
http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2006-10-02-china-airports-usat_x.htm
Passenger traffic grew to 52.12 million in the last fiscal in India, from 43.47 million in 2004-05, to register a growth of 19.9 percent.
http://investinginindianews.blogspot.com/2006/07/indian-aviation-soaring-into-greater.html

The annual insurance premium currently collected in India is $23 billion, which is expected to increase ten fold to $ 239 by 2020. In the same period, China’s insurance premium will rise to $863 billion from the present level of $60 billion.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1821048,00020008.htm

Retail sales surged 12.9 percent in 2005 over the year before, to 6.7 trillion Yuan ($847 billion). By 2020, industry forecasts say the market could expand to about $2.4 trillion.
http://www.forbes.com/business/energy/feeds/ap/2006/10/17/ap3096453.html

India’s total retail market reached US $230 billion in 2005 and will grow to US$370 billion in 2011
http://sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=27553&hilite=
http://www.etretailbiz.com/feb06/SPECIALfeature.htm

India’s travel and tourism market was valued at US$42 billion in 2005. 340 million people traveled in 2005. The outbound travelers from India grew to 6.2 million in 2005. This was almost twice the number of arrivals witnessed by the country. That means only 3.1 million visited India in the same time.
http://www.euromonitor.com/Travel_and_Tourism_in_India
China received 47.11 million visitors in 2005. This number should not include the vistors from Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan.
http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=199299
There were 31 million outbound tourists from China in 2005.
http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/05/17/world/asia/17travel.html
In 2005, inbound tourists reached 120 million (including Chinese from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan economies).
Overseas tourists contributed over $29.3 billion to the Chinese economy. But their contribution was far outweighed by that of domestic Chinese tourists, who contributed $66.7 billion.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HC07Cb06.html

In 2004, China’s service exports were US$62 billion versus US$40 billion for India. On the other hand, 60% of China’s service exports were travel and transportation services while in India the figure was 22%.
In 2003, India’s exports of commercial services other than travel, transportation, and finance amounted to US$18.9
billion. The figure for China was US$20.6 billion. In other words, China may already be ahead of India in selling IT
services to the world.
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/US_ChinaIndiaReality_Research.pdf

6. Financial Industry and financial stability
Indians always say that their financial industry is better than China’s. This claim can cheat a lot when Chinese banks were completely state-owned. But today, three of the top four Chinese banks were listed in Hong Kong stock market. When it goes to the truth in market, Indian financial industry looks so pitiful comparing with China’s.
After the IPO of The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, its market value is about US$87 billion, This is almost one and half times of the collective market capitalization of all listed Indian banks - for the 37 listed Indian banks, this is about $ 62.76 billion (Rs 2,86,859 crore). Bank of China's market capitalization is now around $105 billion and that of China Construction Bank $ 99 billion.
India’s ICICI Bank tops the market capitalization chart with $ 13.59 billion (Rs 62,177 crore), followed by the State Bank of India with $11.89 billion (Rs 54,380 crore) and HDFC Bank with $6.29 billion (Rs 28,774 crore). None of the other listed Indian banks has over $5 billion worth of market capitalisation. Punjab National Bank, the fourth bank when it comes to market capitalization, is worth just $3.62 billion. Canara Bank is worth just $2.52 billion.
China’s ICBC has total assets of over $ 812 billion, close to the size of India's GDP! State Bank of India, which accounts for almost one-fifth of total banking assets in India, however, has an asset base of only $84 billion.
http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/oct/07bank.htm

How China’s banks are welcomed in the stock market? The institutional tranche, which makes up 95% of the ICBC offering, attracted more than US$300 billion in orders and is 23 times oversubscribed. In Hong Kong, ICBC's initial public offering (IPO) of H-shares was 76-times oversubscribed with one million retail investors putting in HK$420 billion. This broke the previous record, held by Bank of China, which attracted HK$286 billion (US$36.7 billion) earlier this year. This enables ICBC to price its shares at the upper limit.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HJ21Cb03.html
After IPO, ICBC's market capitalization jumped to $156.5 billion, trailing the $165.6 billion of the world's fourth-biggest bank, JP Morgan Chase & Co in the world.
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=afBgyU3agIzY&refer=home

Budget deficit: 10% of GDP in India versus 2% in China. This could have big impact on financial and economical stability.
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/US_ChinaIndiaReality_Research.pdf

China has almost US$1 trillion forex reserves with total of US$ 297.9 billion external debt
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/09/content_5180188.htm
http://www.cctv.com/program/bizchina/20061023/102290.shtml
India has US$165.275 billion forex reserves with US$132.1 billion external debt.
http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/30/stories/2006093001431800.htm
http://www.financialexpress.com/latest_full_story.php?content_id=143426

India has a huge public debt, the ratio of public debt to GDP was 82% in 2005 and still growing fast, which is above the globally recognized alarm level of 60 percent.
http://www.indexmundi.com/india/public_debt.html
China’s public debt was 28.8% of GDP.
http://www.indexmundi.com/china/public_debt.html

7. Software Industry
India is famous for its software and back office service. China's software industry is actually much bigger than that of India even China keeps silent. Chinese companies rely on huge domestic market while India has almost no IT market comparing with the big countries around. China has its own software brands such as KingSoft, Rising(anti-virus), Jiangming (Anti-virus), RedFlag(Working on Linux), WPS ( office software), ufsoft(Enterprise), KINGDEE (Golden Butterfly in Chinese) ( Enterprise), Shanda (Games).
China’s Software industry revenue reached 390 billion RMB (around US$50 billion) in 2005.
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200603/17/eng20060317_251505.html
India’s software industry revenue reached US$29.6 billion in the fiscal year ended in March 2006.
http://blogs.zdnet.com/ITFacts/?p=11050

8. Infrastructure
India has total of 127 million cellular users as of the end of September 2006 and around 50 million landline phone users. See
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/10/business/AS_FIN_India_Mobile_Phones.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_in_India
China has total of 437 million mobile users and 368 million fixed-line phone users as of the end of August 2006. Total of 800 million phones are being used in China.
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/21/eng20060921_304974.html

India had 27.7 million internet users by year-end 2005, and had only 1.3 million broadband users. China had 111 million internet users through the end 2005, among which 41.2 million were broadband users. See:
http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?1004144
Don’t forget India defines access speed of 128 kbps as broadband even in 2004.
http://www.dot.gov.in/ntp/broadbandpolicy2004.htm

Railroad: In 1949, there were only 21,800 km of railway lines in China, with only 11,000 km opened to traffic. See: http://www.macrochina.com.cn/english/china/resources/20010412000136.shtml
As of the end of 2004, China had 74, 000KM of railroad with much better quality. See: http://english.people.com.cn/200501/26/eng20050126_171976.html
India had total of about 55,000 km Railroad in 1951. That’s much more than China had in 1952. See: http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history4.html .But India has fewer railroads than China now.

China's expressway (at least 4 lanes, speed limit 110KM/hour or 120KM/hour) reaches 42, 000KM at the end of 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressways_of_China
India has only 4,885 km are central-separated expressways.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressways_of_India
In 2002 China spent US$128 billion on power and transport infrastructure compared to US$18 billion for India.
A very small share of India’s roads is composed of highways. Of 3.3 million kilometers of roadway, only 195,000 kilometers are highways. China, on the other hand, has roughly 1.4 million kilometers of highway.
Due to insufficient port capacity, the lead time for Indian exports to the US is roughly three to four times greater than Chinese exports.
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/US_ChinaIndiaReality_Research.pdf

Indian industry has to pay double of what Chinese factories pay for power; for ferrying freight by railways, Indian industry pays three times what Chinese factories pay.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/16111._.html

India has electricity capacity of 130,000 megawatts.
http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/10/13/business/power.php
At the end of 2006. China will have the power capacity of 590 million kilowatts (590,000 megawatts)
http://english.people.com.cn/200601/03/eng20060103_232522.html
India's power sector, infamous for its distribution sector inefficiencies, shares the top slot in the company of countries such as Nigeria and Nicaragua when it comes to overall transmission and distribution (T&D) loss levels.India's average loss in transmission and distribution (T&D) is about 33 per cent, The T&D lose in China is only 7%.
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120303300900.htm

9. Education
Around 30% of Indian male cannot read newspaper and 52% of female cannot read. that means around 40% of Indians cannot read. See
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/in.html
Less than 10% of Chinese cannot read (most of are old person and they missed the education opportunity in the old time). See
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html

Indians are very proud of their software industry. But for the computer science education, China's education quality is much higher than India.

Here is the final list of the famous worldwide IBM ACM contest in 2006. So many Chinese universities were in the top list. You can clearly see Chinese students had much better performance than Indian counterpart.
http://icpc.baylor.edu/past/icpc2006/Finals/Standings.html
Here is another world-wide programmer contest. China and Chinese universities got much better scores than India.
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=country_avg_rating (Ranking by country)
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=school_avg_rating (ranking by school)
Here is the final list of Google Code Jam 2006, in which, there are 14 Chinese programmers entered the final competition, but you cannot find any Indians in the list.
http://www.google.com/press/annc/codejam06finals.html

Roughly 15% of China’s population aged 18 to 23 is enrolled in higher education compared to 7% in India. 91% of Chinese adults are literate versus 61% in India. Among females, the numbers are 87% and 45% respectively. In China, there are 18 pupils per teacher in secondary schoolsversus 34 in India. Clearly, China has an advantage when it comes to education.
http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/US_ChinaIndiaReality_Research.pdf

China’s education also more connected with outside.
South and West Asia is the origin of 194,000 mobile students, with two-thirds coming from India, according to a report from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) titled 'The Global Education Digest 2006'. (That means about 130,000 students from India)
Between 1999 and 2004, the number of mobile students worldwide surged by 41 percent from 1.75 million to 2.5 million, according to the Digest. China sends the greatest number of students abroad - 14 percent of the global total - primarily to the US, Japan and Britain. (That means 350,000 students from China)
http://www.indiaenews.com/business/20060604/10169.htm

140,000 international students came to China for studying in 2005. The number will be doubled in 2020.
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Aug/177200.htm
About 8,000 foreign students are studying in India.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/12586.html


Today, on every parameter for basic education, China is far ahead of India. In 2000, only 47 per cent of all children managed to complete grade 5 of primary schooling in India, as opposed to 98 per cent of Chinese children. The pupil-teacher ratio for primary education in China is one teacher for every 20 students compared to one teacher for every 40 students in India. According to World Bank estimates, youth male illiteracy in India is 20 per cent. In China it's less than one per cent.
http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/08/10/stories/2006081005691000.htm
Gross enrollment ratio is estimated to be more or less the same in both countries — but the drop out rate in India is 21 per cent, in China it is 1 per cent.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/16111._.html

10. Science and technology R&D
China spent 245 billion Yuan (30.6 billion U.S. dollars) on scientific research and development (R&D) in 2005, a rise of 24.6 percent. The investment accounted for 1.34 percent of China's 2005 GDP. R&D funds coming from enterprises stood at 167.4 billion Yuan, making up 68.3 percent of the total investment.
http://english.people.com.cn/200609/14/eng20060914_302806.html
India's total domestic spending on R&D rose an estimated 9.7% to $4.9 billion, or 0.77% of GDP, in the fiscal year ended March 2005.
http://www.plunkettresearch.com/
Based on PPP value of the investment on R&D, China invested US$124.03 billion in 2005 and India did US$36.11 billion in the same year. The numbers will go to US$149.80 billion and US$41.81 billion in 2007.
China’s R&D investment was 12.7% of the total of the world, comparing with 32.7% of US, 12.7% of Japan and 3.7% of India in 2005 based on PPP.
57.6% of the R&D investment in China came from industry, 33.4% from government, 2.7 from abroad, 6.3% from others.
23% of the R&D investment in India came from industry, 74.7% from government, 23% from others.
http://www.battelle.org/news/06/2006report.pdf

Even China’s R&D is not high comparing with the developed countries, but it was 6 times of what India did. The huge investment gap can tell many things. The results are so obvious:
The number of papers that are being published by China and India in high-caliber journals - ones that are accessed by Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index, papers originating from China had was almost thrice those from India in 2005.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/12493.html
In 2005, Indians published only 4 articles in the prestigious Journal of American Chemical Society (JACS) versus just 22 for China, 8 versus 28 in the Physical Review of Letters (PRL) and 2 versus 13 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC).
While China's score on the Knowledge Index has risen from 3.03 in 1995 to 4.21 today, India's has fallen from 2.76 to 2.61 -- that is, India has slipped even relative to itself!
In terms of innovation, which includes the articles published in scientific journals, apart from the number of R&D personnel and the number of patents, India's score has improved from 3.51 to 3.72 -- China, however, has improved from 3.94 to 4.74, another instance of that country's stupendous progress.
http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jul/17china.htm
On public expenditure on higher education, India lags way behind at $406 per student, just a fraction of countries like China (US $2,728), Brazil (US $3,986) and Malaysia (US $11,790)
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/12640.html

Many Indian and west media say India has advantage in innovation over China. Let’s compare the patents from the two countries. The number of Patent applications of a country pretty much stands for the creative and innovation of this country’s economy. In 2004, over 130,000 patent applications were received in China and China became the No. 4 in the world. India only had 17,466 applications in the same year. China filed 51 applications per million people, while India had only seven filings per million people. India was second to last
http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/oct/18forbes.htm
China made 2,452 international patent applications in 2005, a growth of 43.7 percent compared with the previous year. http://china.org.cn/english/2006/Feb/156849.htm
India filed 648 PCT applications in 2005, compared to 723 in 2004 and 764 in 2003. The trend is so obvious.
http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/05/stories/2006020502761300.htm

Indians are always boasting about their high technologies even supercomputer technologies. Let's compare the super computer because Indians are always claiming India is the second IT country in the world.
China's homemade supercomputer listed as No. 14. But the fastest one used in India is No. 105. It was made by IBM. India's homemade one is listed as No. 258. Legend (now Lenovo) built another more powerful one this year. It could be listed as No. 3 or No. 4. More powerful and more supercomputers were used in China than in India. See http://www.top500.org/list/2003/11/
China’s Lenovo is working on 1,000 TFLOPS supercomputer already, and it could be ready before 2010.
http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/07/28/HNlenovosupercomputer_1.html?CLUSTERING
The super computer will have domestic CPUs: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/03/content_4254337.htm

Thanks for the large market scale and the recent progress in the technology, China is able and trying to set the international or national technology standards, such as TD-SCDMA, EVD, WAPI, AVS, RFID.
TD-SCDMA was accepted worldwide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-SCDMA
FiberHome is the presenter of ITU-T X.85、X.86和X.87 international telecommunication standard: http://www.fhn.com.cn/fhneng/gyfh.asp?class=About_us
ZTE To Edit Key ITU Standard For Optical Network Technology. http://www.totaltele.com/View.aspx?ID=1226&t=1
China also has its own HDTV, IPTV standards. We know the standard can make more and easier money than the simple production and present the development level of technology in one country. I never hear any international industrial standard come from India.
AVS: http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2005/12/07/afx2376962.html
WAPI: http://english.people.com.cn/200610/13/eng20061013_311470.html

In the telecommunication technology, China is already one of the forerunners in the world.
Huawei along had registered over 8000 patents already. http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/142904.htm
Huawei’s global contract sales jumped up 40 pct to US$8.2 billion. http://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2006/01/15/afx2451344.html
Huawei became the largest supplier in the Optical networking market in the world in 2006.
http://telephonyonline.com/finance/news/huawei_alcatel_optical_090606/

China's IC industry is making great leap in recent years. China uses about 13% of the ICs in the world and will be one of the top IC producers in 2010.
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/2238/2006-1-28/138@296061.htm

China is to complete its first very-high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR) by the year 2010. This will be the first such reactor in the world.
http://en.chinabroadcast.cn/2238/2006-2-2/135@296739.htm
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11080908/site/newsweek/
China’s fusion research and achievements,
http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/29/stories/2006092901421800.htm

China today is actually one of the leaders in nano-technology research. 18.3 percent academic publications on nanoscale science and engineering topics were from China in 2004. http://www.smalltimes.com/Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=270358&p=109
China's nanotechnology patent applications rank third in world even before 2003.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/03/content_269182.htm

In agriculture, China is the place where hybrid-rice came from. Yuan Longping is called the “father of hybrid rice” in the world. http://www.china.org.cn/english/2001/Mar/8452.htm
China developed high-yield "super maize": http://www.checkbiotech.org/root/index.cfm?fuseaction=search&search=China&doc_id=9797&start=16&fullsearch=0China aims for 30 pc increase in "super wheat" output by 2020.
http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/015200610061211.htm
China has taken the lead among developing countries in the research of genetically modified (GM) plants.
http://english.people.com.cn/200512/05/eng20051205_225772.html

11: International Trade
China’s international trade topped US$1.4 trillion (import: US$660 billion, export: US$762 billion) in 2005, and China became the 3rd largest trader in the world. See: http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/11/business/yuan.php
India’s international trade reached US$240.8B (export: US$100.6B, import: US$140.2 billion, import > export) in 2005 (ended in March 2006) with huge trade deficit (40% of its export). http://www.sunmediaonline.com/indiachronicleapril/bilateraltrade.html
From the data above, China does not only can sell a lot more to the outside and also provide a much larger domestic market to the outside. China’s market is not only huge on paper or by mouth. It is real.

12: Living standard
Infant mortality rate: China 2.312%, India 5.463%
Life expectancy at birth: China 72.58 years, India 64.71 years
(From CIA facts books)
People living with HIV/AIDS: China 0.64 million, India 5.7 million (The world No. 1 in 2005)
http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp

46% of general population in Bombay carries an active sexually transmitted disease (the greatest risk factor for HIV spread). Do you believe it? See: http://www.globalchange.com/indi.htm

Indian PC sales hit 4.6 million in 2005 (ended in March 2006) in the so-called the second IT superpower. See: http://www.boston.com/
About 20 million of PCs were sold in China in 2005 (ended in December 2005). China is actually the No. 2 PC market in the world, only after US. See: http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150574/china-pc-sales-hit-billion-2005

Only 32% of Indian families have TV. See:
China's number is 94% which is was almost as high as in the developed countries. India will be 2/3 of this number at the end of decade.

India’s health system is worse than neighboring Pakistan and Bangladesh.
http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage.php?autono=262521&leftnm=3&subLeft=0&chkFlg=
The proportion of children underweight in India is 47.5% higher than the proportion of children underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole.
http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=143751
According to UNICEF, India in fact has 57 million children suffering from malnutrition compared to only seven million in China.
In China, underweight prevalence in children under five was reduced by more than half from 19 per cent in 1990 to just under seven per cent in 2005. The under-five mortality rate also sharply dropped from 49 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 31 in 2004.
http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/08/10/stories/2006081005691000.htm
India ranks 93 among 116 developing countries in the global hunger index. India’s score on the index for 2003, the latest year for which data is available, was 25.73, worse than Sudan at 27.20 but better than Burkina Faso (25.80). The index, comprising three indices - child malnutrition, child mortality and estimates of the proportion of people who are calorie deficient - ranks countries on a 100-point scale, with 0 being the best and 100 being the worst.
nearly 50 percent of the world’s hungry live in India. Around 35 percent of India’s population - 350 million - is considered food-insecure, consuming less than 80 percent of minimum energy requirements.
http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1058371

The long list of Chinese medal winners at Sydney 2000 Olympic Games: See: http://www.sportorganizer.com/2000sydney/2000sydney16.htm
Let's congratulate to the only one Indian winner in 2000: See: http://www.sportorganizer.com/2000sydney/2000sydney34.htm
2004 Olympics in Athens, Please look for China from the top of the list and India from the bottom:
http://www.athens2004.com/en/OlympicMedals/medals

13. Political system
Even Indians claim India is a democratic country. But its corruption is worse than China. see
http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=5299 (The research result for 2003, Corruption Perception Index)
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0781359.html (The research result for 2006, Corruption Perception Index)
Another research report said India's corruption is much worse than China too: http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/topstories/story/0,4386,238369,00.html
Do you believe Democracy works in India?

Human Rights in India? See here: 3000 farmers committed suicide in a 11million farming area in one year. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3855517.stm
Suicide rate for women is as high as 148 per 100,000, and 58 per 100,000 for men in Tamil Nadu. http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/apr/15spec.htm
At least 5% of Mumbai's people live on the roads, and 2% are simply nomads. Another 2.5 million people live in dilapidated buildings which have been officially tagged as 'dangerous'. See the report: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4222525.stm
Over 12 per cent of disabled women in Orissa have been raped and 25 per cent of those mentally challenged have been sexually assaulted in the state. Isn't that horrible? See: http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=42099

Twelve protestors killed in police shooting in January, 2006
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/jan2006/oris-j17.shtml
Four killed in protests in India's Gujarat state in May, 2006
http://news.monstersandcritics.com/southasia/article_1159863.php
Four were killed in the Violence over Indian star's death in April, 2006
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4905880.stm

The ill-treated Indians have to take their weapons to stand up against Indian government
http://www.guardian.co.uk/india/story/0,,1770612,00.html
http://ottsun.canoe.ca/News/National/2006/06/02/1611463.html
Maoist rebels spread across rural India.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0822/p06s01-wosc.html

The religious conflicts, fighting happens in India over and over again. You can see how divided India is as a country.
http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/12/06/ayodhya.background/

Don’t forget the caste system in India and 160 million Untouchables are living in India.
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article1868080.ece

In India, :At least 10,000 people, most of them civilians, have died in fighting between government forces and separatists since 1979."
http://www.localnewswatch.com/jordanfalls/stories/index.php?action=fullnews&id=40638

More than 50 were killed in India's Independence movement
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/06/ap/world/mainD8MFTQF03.shtml

It is well known that there is no space for the discrimination against other domestic ethnic groups In China. Women are enjoying the equal rights. Chinese minorities often have more rights or privileges than Han people.

To artificially make Kolkata "shining", gov "bought from farmers for 10,000 to Rs 12,000 per acre and sold to builders for Rs 300,000 to Rs 400,000 per acre ". This can happen in a large city in India.
http://specials.rediff.com/election/2006/apr/27sld2.htm
To make Mumbai as shining as Shanghai, so many slum residents losted their place to live in one day. Around 60% of Mumbai residents are living in slums.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/printFriendly/0,,1-3-1487253,00.html
60% poor people cannot beat 40% rich people in making policies in a democracy country. If you read the comments after the news, few think about the poor. See the comments: http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=40309
Also please see the pitiful poor India after their slums were destroyed by Indian government: http://news.bbc.co.uk/

These two articles were written by the same foreign visitor (sounds like a biz man) after he visited both India and China in the same year (2000).
His view about India: http://berclo.net/page00/00en-impressions-india.html
His impression about China: http://berclo.net/page00/00en-impressions-china.html
He also described so-called Indian democracy in this article: http://berclo.net/page00/00en-india-1.html
"India is said to be the world's largest democracy. There is no dispute about its size, one billion is large, but I don't think that a country whose major priorities in the last 50 years have favored a small minority at the expense of the majority can be called "a democracy". "

Socialism or capitalism both are economical models and both can push economy ahead.
Socialism is not associated with slow development in history. USSR was converted into a modern economy in a short time in its socialism era. Germany was also developing very fast before ww2 even the government controlled economy tightly.
China's economy growth was also around 7% every year before the reform even China’s more attention was put on national security. 7% growth can not be thought as slow development even today, let alone China was under embargo.
India's problem was not because of social system. It was largely because the government did not have strategy and had no ability to implement its policy if it has some. That's why India sometimes has good policies, such as education, health care...., but the results are poor.
Today, China's system has both flexibility in policy and ability to implement changes. This can allow us to keep the good policies and makes changes on bad decisions quickly. Good example is China’s education system. Our old education system worked very well at low cost. China's illiterate rate dropped to less than 15% even before the reform when China was much poorer. But we trusted market economy too much and we commercialized many parts of the system. After years, it is now proven a disaster and government got a lot of complains. Government input into the system decreased percentage-wise (not by absolute value). a lot of burden was shifted to families. As a country, the total investment into the education system increased a lot, but families’ burden increased a lot faster, especially for the poorer family.
Now we are making changes again. The totally free compulsory education will be provided before 2007 nationwide. China decided to make changes in 2005, but now many provinces implemented the new policy already. We are very confident that the new policy will be pushed to all the country in time.
China even CCP does not take care of any ideology any more. As long as we think some new policy is good for China, we can try it and then expanded all over the country quickly if the test proves it works.

In Asia, at least in East Asia, countries or economies can only get rich under the dictatorship not democracy. S Korea, Singapore, Taiwan area and Hong Kong, even Japan. There was no exception.
Japan was de facto one party government arranged by US until recent years the rival party could win. S Korea was completely a dictatorship with the support from US before 1990s. Taiwan did not have real election until 2000 (but it is real unfortunate for Chinese on the island. The election is proven to be disaster. Look at what is happening in Taiwan). Singapore is a dictatorship controlled by Lee family even today. There was no any election in Hong Kong until it was returned to China in 1997.
On the contrary, Philippines were some sort of rich. It was even considered as luck if a Taiwan people could find a job there in 1960s. Philippines has the democratic government that is almost a copy if US's. But now it is almost the poorest country in SE Asia. Taiwan’s fast development happened under the dictatorship. Its economy has been stagnant for almost 10 years since election happened on the island.
From both history and today’s truth, democracy does not translate into economical development as many people take for granted. You should understand why Goldman asked India government to following China’s political model.
http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=142344

14. Economical History
Data show that China developed much faster than India even before China's reform. India was much better than China before the Chinese Communist Party took power. In 1950, India’s GDP per capita was almost 1.5 times of China’s. But China's GDP caught up India in 70s last century. Now China’s GDP per capita is almost 2.5 times of India’s
GDP Per capita ( I believe it is based on PPP)
Country...1820....1870....1913....1950....1973...1998…2003
China.......600......530......552......439......839....3,117…4392
India........533......533......673......619......853....1,746…2160
http://www.ggdc.net/Maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_2006.xls

This is only the economical data. China was doing much better than India in social development before the reform, such as education, health service, scientific R&D, …. These laid down a very solid foundation for China’s economical reform that happened in late 1970s. Many people say India lags behind China because of its late economical reform. It is not true in fact. The truth is: China did better than India before the reform and is continuing to do better than India after the reform.

15. Some more links
India asks how its economy can catch up with China's
http://www.forbes.com/home_europe/newswire/2003/11/19/rtr1154472.html
India Versus China-- Was written by some Indians
http://www.samachar.com/tech/archives/techtalk51.html
Can India Catch-Up With China? -- Was written by some Indians
http://www.indiadefence.com/ind-china.htm
The Population Bomb that can devastate India, actually it is a comparison between India and China
http://www.india-watch.com/4.htm
Can India catch up with China?
http://www.flonnet.com/fl1715/17150480.htm
Can India Overtake China? -- The famous article saying India will overtake China
http://www.alternatives.ca/article1053.html

16. Conclusion
The above links come from various resources. I collect these data to show the facts to people because I have heard too much from Indian high rank officials and Indian and western media that say: India is better than China, India has more potential than China, India is more innovative than China, India is better in quality and China is better in quantity… All of these claims are basing on no facts, at least today.

India’s economy is doing well in recent 3 or 4 years and the trend could continue for some time. I wish Indian people can enjoy their good life and make progress.

China has been high economical growth since 1949 even China had some setback during the Great Leap during 1959-1961 and the early stage of the Cultural Revolution during 1966-1970. The Cultural Revolution lasted for 10 years from 1966-1976, but China’s economy recovered and was in growth path after 1970.

In the past about 60 years, India’s economy was caught up by China and was put behind by China. Today, China’s economy is still growing at more than 10% pace, India, around 8%. These are simple facts.

Undoubtedly, China is a developing country with population of 1.3 billion. It has a lot of issues in the past, in today and in the future. I don’t deny that.

China aims for 30 pc increase in "super wheat" output by 2020

China is doing pretty well in applying biotech in agriculture.

We had hybrid rice since 1974 and now China's "super rice" technology is expanding worldwide. United Nations is helping Yuan Longping, the "Father of hybrid rice of the world", to extend his tech to other countries.

Controversial Gene modification technology is also used in agriculture in China. such as BT-cotton.

Only with the successful development and implementation of those innovative technologies, China can feed 20% of the world polulation by 8% of world arable land. That's also why China can produce more than twice grains than India in less arable land.

Source

Beijing, Oct 6. (PTI): China will develop 50 new breeds of "super wheat" in the next 15 years, raising the output capacity in major wheat production areas by 30 per cent, the state media reported.

According to the target set at a recent national seminar on super wheat breeding, the planting areas of the new breeds of super wheat will be about 33.3 million hectares during the 15-year period, and the expected unit output will be 10,500-12,000 kilograms per hectare.

President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhai Huqu said super wheat refers to high quality and high yielding breeds of wheat.

Currently, China's super wheat breeds are still restricted in small areas because of poor adaptability and high input.

He said the super wheat project will significantly promote China's food safety. So far, related scientific research institutes have had necessary reserves of materials, technologies and methods, and a joint effort by different research teams will help raise China's innovative capacity in wheat breeding, he said

India: vegetables turn harmful by toxic wastes

The more detail report can be accessed from here.

Most vegetables coming into the city from peripheral areas contains toxic residues harmful to humans, according to Dr Jasiumuddin Ahmad, environmentalist and Professor of Jahanghirnagar University.

Research was conducted by him and his student Abdul Gani on eight lethal metals that were found in different vegetables picked from industrial areas like DEPZ, bank town and Hamayetpur in Savar. Metals like lead, copper; zinc, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, nickel and iron were measured in the different sources like water, arable soil and in the different parts roots, stems, leaves and edible areas of crops and vegetables plants.

"One will find large quantities of colourful water emerging from several industries on the way to Aricha from Savar. This water pollutes the environment in many ways," said Jasimuddin. "The plants and vegetables that grow in this soil also harm humans and by consuming these vegetables we are unknowingly affected by the process," he added. Most of the plants that possessed very high amounts of metals much higher than World Health Organisation's (WHO) permissible limit said Jasimuddin.

Long term consumption of these contaminated crops and vegetables can cause different diseases in the human body," he further said. The rate of cadmium of 12.34 pp (milligram per kilogram) is high in red spinach and low at 1.05 ppm in Luffa Gourd. According to WHO per measurable level for cadmium is 0.5 to 1.00 ppm. This high amount of Cadmium could be responsible for kidney and lung diseases, hypertension and cancer.

Nickel was found as high as 120.26 ppm in sweet potato and according to WHO 3-25 ppm is the tolerable rate. This high amount of nickel may cause headaches, nausea, weakness, dizziness, muscle pain, fatigue, and lung damage. According to WHO the tolerable level of arsenic is 0.01- 1.00 ppm but in these areas arsenic is found high as 0.74 ppm in radish which may cause central necrosis, cirrhosis, damage in bone marrow and skin cancer.

While the tolerable amount of chromium is 0.5- 5.00 ppm according to WHO chromium is found high 19.75 ppm in radish in these areas, which may cause ulceration of skin and irritation. Lead is found high 62.45 ppm in red spinach and according to WHO 10-20 ppm is tolerable. This high amount of lead may cause disruption of haemoglobin, synthesis, brain damage, damage to nervous system and kidneys.

Jasimuddin found zinc at 73.04 ppm in bottle gourd and WHO's permissible level is 10-100 ppm, which may cause vomiting, headache, lethargy, depression and dizziness. According to WHO the tolerable level of iron in human body is 70-300 ppm but in these areas iron is found as high as 1354.21ppm in radish that may work as combined action in developing cancer in human body.

During the research Jasimuddin also found copper at 24.82 ppm in luffa gourd as and WHO's permissible level is 2-10 ppm, which could give rise to thalassemia, damage in brain tissue.

India and China Sail in Different Boats

This arrticle was written by Shailendra Kakani, the Research Head of Commodity Research Group and the Managing Editor of www.commodityresearch.in.

Chinese economy is already three times larger than the Indian one. China has seven times more Internet users and ten times more mobile phone users. While China has a trade surplus amounting to $200 billion with the USA alone, India's entire external trade amounts to the same figure. While China is registering trade surplus every year, India's trade deficits are growing to disastrous levels. And most importantly, Inflation in China is almost zero while in India even the government figures put it at 5+%, while the public estimates are anywhere above ten per cent.

More than 200 million Indians live in slums and shanties bereft of any sanitation facilities. Millions of school students don't see a teacher for weeks. More than 70 million children stay out of the school and work as child labour, often in very hazardous industries. By a former Prime Minister's own admission "269 million Indians are food insecure."

The phone user numbers are outdated. China today has 440 million cell phone users and 350 million fixed line phones in use. India's cellular phone users passed 100 million this year and around 48 million phones are connected by fixed lines.

While in China only 10% children under five are born underweight, in India 's score is 53% - far higher than Mexico's 8% and Pakistan's 26%. The UN MMR numbers for India (540) are several times higher than those for other developing countries like China (56), Brazil (260), Thailand (44), Mexico (83) or even Sri Lanka (92). India has far lower percentage of antenatal coverage (60%) compared to China. According to a study by Arati Rao "In India only 43% of deliveries involve a skilled birth attendant compared to between 86% and 99% in Mexico, China, Sri Lanka, Brazil and Thailand." Not surprising why China scores 0.718 on the human development index and why India clocks in a measly 0.571.

Even today many Chinese criticize the reform in the public health system in China. But China is still far ahead of India in any index conserning the public health. China even did better than todays' India since China had the low cost but functioning "barefoot doctor " system that covered almost every corner of the country. Unfortunately, system a good system was "reformed".

China now produces over 450 million tonnes of food grains, while India continues to struggle to maintain 200 million ton record achieved a couple of years back.

A mere 21% of all farms in India have access to irrigation; remaining depend on rain gods to eke out one single crop. Farmers are crying because they are being supplied with rotten seeds, spurious insecticides, and last but not the least, no information.

China's record grain production of around 500 million tons was reached in late 1990s. India's record production should be around 250 million tons if I am not wrong. China has a much better irrigation system that covers around 80% of farming land largely thanks for hard work before the reform (Many may not believe it due to both Chinese and western propaganda, but it is true that most of Chinese irrigation system in China was completed before the reform.) China also has invested a lot in agriculture technology research. Today, China is a leader in hybrid rice and gene modified grains.

A recent article in Economic Times quoted the latest Development Policy Review of the World Bank which says that the typical doctor at a primary health centre in Delhi is less competent than in Tanzania, and the chances of his recommending harmful treatment are 50:50. "One in five children drop out before class V. Teacher absenteeism is rampant, and half the Standard V children in five states cannot read Class II texts. Water supply is just four hours a day in Delhi, 2.5 in Bangalore and 1.5 in Chennai, against round-the-clock supply in Jakarta or Colombo. Electricity supply is terrible, and 30% of it is stolen with impunity."

Finally, the author said:

What I wish to achieve by writing this article is simple: India and China cannot be - and should not be - clubbed together. They were in the same boat fifty years back; when India was just freed from the colonial rule and China was reconstructing after the Second World War. But as of today there is only one valid comparison among them: that the two have the largest populations to support. Apart from this there is nothing which forms a common denominator among the two nations. The way things are progressing in India, Bangalore will never become another Beijing and Bombay will never become another Shanghai. It is time the international media readjusts its perspective and present a more honest view to its readers.

The full copy of the article is available here.

China ready to grant farming cooperatives legal status

This is similar to the collective farming economy before the reform. With a lot of issues in rural China, more and more Chinese, especially farmers realize the agricultural reform is a failure and the root of almost all of the rural troubles.

The "distributing of the land to individual families" policy never works well in China. It is totally different than what both Chinese and western media said at the begining of the reform due to the color of the socilism of the farming cooperatives. The fact is Xiaogang Village that was used as an example of the agriculture reform is still very very poor even Chinese government allocated a lot financial resources comparing with some relic farming cooperatives.

Since China has only 7% of world's arable land, but has 22% of the world population. Each rural Chinese family has only a small piece of land for farming after the reform. The individual family are vulnerable in any mishaps and has nothing for reinvestment for its future.

The farming cooperatives are different. Families are teamed together. They can help each if some have trouble and bigger piece of land is more suitable for modern farming and also farming cooperatives can have more collective savings for investments that can give them a more promising future.

Some examples of the sucessful farming cooperatives:
Nanjie Village in Henan province
Huaxi Village in Jiangsu province
Hancunhe Village in Beijing

Some pictures of those relic and rich farming cooperatives in China:
Nanjie Village in Henan Province
Huaxi Village in Jiangsu Province
Hancunhe Village in Beijing

With the inspiration of those successful farming cooperatives, the collective economy finally come back again!

Source

Cooperatives founded by farmers will soon enjoy legal status as Chinese legislators gathered Saturday to discuss a draft law to better protect farmers' business interests.

"How to help rural household better combat natural and market risks in business operation and connect small and sporadic household businesses with domestic and international markets are major issues in facilitating agricultural and rural economic development," said Li Chunting, member of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee.

The draft law on farmers' professional cooperatives was presented to the legislators for the first deliberation, as household business, major backbone of China's rural economy, has become ever vulnerable when facing more and more competitive market.

Currently, China has no law or administrative regulations defining the legal status of rural cooperatives, which in turn fail to obtain government registration to guarantee their daily operation.

Source: Xinhua